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Violence in the Bible. --- Atonement --- Redemption

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A study of the use of medieval literary texts to explain the Fall and Redemption, the universality of original sin, and the identity of mankind with Adam and Eve. 'The Fall of Adam and the redemption of mankind has been one of the central myths of Western European civilisation for nearly two thousand years; any increase in our understanding of the way in which it has been understood and represented is an increase in our understanding of the whole of European sensibility. This is what the author has achieved in this book... Despite the immense amount of information that is given, the author's own prose has such clarity and fluencey that noone could help but be informed and entertained.' JOURNAL OF THEOLOGICAL STUDIES. The theme of 'Adam's Grace' is the interplay of theology and literature across a wide range of genres and vernaculars: in particular, the use of medieval literary texts to explain the balance of the Fall and Redemption, the universality of original sin, and the identity of mankind with its first parents, Adam and Eve. The process begins with the Christian tradition of apocryphal Adam-lives, which live on and develop in many vernaculars. Later, Adam is used as a literary model, on whom many well-known Christian figures of the middle ages - knights, popes, emperors, kings and saints - can be seen to be based. They include Gregorius, the "medieval Oedipus", whose case demonstrates the resolution of the paradox of the 'felix culpa'; Parzival, searching for the Holy Grail and for God in the hostile world into which he has been ejected; and the many medieval figures (literary and even historical) associated with the legends of leprosy, blood and healing which reflect the sacrifice in the Redemption. The last part of the book looks at the drama, first of all the medieval representations of the Fall and the Passion, and then the rather different portrayal of Adam on stage in the Reformation and the Counter-Reformation. BRIAN MURDOCH is Professor of German at Stirling University.

Fall of man in literature --- Literature, Medieval --- Redemption in literature --- History and criticism --- Fall of man in literature. --- Redemption in literature. --- History and criticism.

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During the sixteenth and the seventeenth centuries the Mercedarian Order of friars, founded in the 1220s, underwent a period of reform from which it emerged utterly transformed. This study sets out to examine not only the context of that reform - the policies of the crown and the papacy, the condition of Catalonia and Spain at large, the circumstances prevailing within the Order and the dialogue with its past - but also to grasp the essence of monastic reform itself against this diverse background. The imposition of other than purely religious criteria onto the reform agenda alerts us to the deeper implications of monastic change in Early Modern Europe. For the Mercedarians the result by 1650 was a wholly new Order; the evolution of this process, by turns calculated and unexpected, is here explored.

Monasticism and religious orders --- Church history --- History. --- Mercedarians --- Spain --- Church history. --- 271.65 --- -Monasticism and religious orders --- -Monachism --- Monastic orders --- Monasticism and religious orders for men --- Monasticism and religious orders of men --- Orders, Monastic --- Religious orders --- Brotherhoods --- Christian communities --- Brothers (Religious) --- Friars --- Monks --- Superiors, Religious --- Christianity --- Ecclesiastical history --- History, Church --- History, Ecclesiastical --- History --- Mercedariërs --- -Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary for the Ransom of Captives --- Mercedarios --- Orden de Nuestra Señora de la Merced --- Ordo Beatae Mariae Virginis de Mercede Redemptionis Captivorum --- Nolascans --- Ordre de Notre Dame de la Merci --- Brethren of the Redemption of Captives --- Mercidarians --- Orden de la Redención de Cautivos --- Order of Our Lady of Mercy for the Ransom of Captives --- Orden de la Merced --- Orden de los Mercedarios --- Order of Our Lady of Mercy --- Knights of St. Eulalia --- Knights of Saint Eulalia --- OdeM (Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary for the Ransom of Captives) --- O. de M. --- Order of Our Lady of Ransom --- Orden Mercedaria --- -Church history --- -Mercedariërs --- -History --- 271.65 Mercedariërs --- -271.65 Mercedariërs --- Monachism --- -Christianity --- Orders, Religious --- -Espanja --- Spanien --- Hiszpania --- Spanish State --- España --- Estado Español --- Espagne --- Hispania --- Sefarad --- Sepharad --- Shpanye --- Shpanie --- Reino de España --- Kingdom of Spain --- Reino d'Espanya --- Reinu d'España --- Espainiako Erresuma --- Regne d'Espanya --- Reiaume d'Espanha --- Espanya --- Espanha --- スペイン --- Supein --- イスパニア --- Isupania --- Middle Ages, 600-1500 --- Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary for the Ransom of Captives --- Monasticism and religious orders - Spain - History. --- Church history - Middle Ages, 600-1500. --- Spain - Church history. --- Ordo de Mercede --- Redemptionum Ordo de Mercede --- Churchhistory